Thursday, September 19, 2013

Book Review: The Way Of The Knife

Fishing in troubled waters

Somewhere in Mark Mazzetti’s 400-page scholarship on CIA and its changing role in the post-9/11 world, there is a scene where an ex-counterterrorism expert appears before the 9/11 Commission. Asked whether or not he would have allowed CIA to take out Osama bin Laden without giving him the chance to defend himself before the law, the officer exclaimed “No, absolutely no.” And to drive the point home, he further added, “We’re not Mossad.”

But what CIA did in the decade or so that followed took a heavy toll on the world and the agency itself. ‘The Way of The Knife’ delves there and more.

Those who have interest in such matters would recall a very famous yet controversial hearing in 1975 led by Senator Frank Church that aspired to look into violations by CIA inside the country. However, since President Ford, like several other Democrat Presidents who preceded or succeeded him, wanted to clip the wings of CIA; he suggested that the hearing must take into account CIA’s dirty war outside America’s shores, especially assassination attempts on heads of state. When skeletons like attempts on the life of Patrice Lumumba and Fidel Castro started tumbling out, Ford in an executive order banned any such adventure. A ban that was lifted in a similar executive order by President Dubya Bush.

“President Truman had not wanted the agency to become America’s secret army, but since a vague clause in the National Security Act of 1947 authorised the CIA to “perform such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security,” American presidents have used this “covert action” authority to dispatch the CIA on sabotage operations, propaganda campaigns, election rigging, and assassination attempts,” he writes.

The idea behind this ban, Mazzetti insists, was to keep CIA away from dirty jobs so that it can focus on quality intelligence gathering without getting gung-ho. Yet, the author rightly suggests, it missed predicting, much less affecting in any way, some of the most earthshaking events that followed, including the Iranian Revolution, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait and, of course, 9/11.

Much of the book, at least the first half of it, documents the rather abrupt and sudden militarisation of the CIA on one hand and the rise in intelligence gathering of Special Operations forces. Bereft of jargon, the book basically tells us how post-9/11 the CIA and DOD started acting like each other. So in Mazzetti’s words, “CIA became a killing machine, an organization consumed with manhunting,” and DOD, particularly, JSOC, “has been dispersed into the dark spaces of American foreign policy, with commando teams running spying missions that Washington would never have dreamed of approving in the years before 9/11.”

What is also interesting is that the transfer of presidency from Bush to Barack Obama could not so much as put a hiccup in the process. If anything, Obama only expedited the process that was anathema for his Democrat predecessors from Ford to Carter to Clinton.   

And this, in more ways than one, tells us why America’s sway and ability to influence events has diminished beyond belief. Take for example the case of CIA operative Raymond A. Davis, the former Green Beret who, while on a intelligence gathering mission in Pakistan, shot and killed two civilians, plunging the relationship between the US and Pakistan to a never before low. The chapter deals with the conflict between the Department of State and Pentagon and how the CIA station head in Islamabad not only undercut the American Ambassador Munter’s position but also jeopardised whatever little chance of trust building that was created.

Or for example the case of Dewey Clarridge, a former CIA operative from the Iran-contra days, who started working as a private intelligence gathering contractor whose over smartness almost ignited a mini-civil war in Afghanistan. And then there was Michele Ballarin, a Gucci and Louis Vuitton flashing Virginia socialite and a failed politician, who got herself entrenched in the internal affairs of Somalia.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
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Monday, September 9, 2013

Book Review: On Hinduism

Discovery par excellence 

Let us assume you don’t know anything about Hinduism, and all you have is the present radicalized climate of India to go by. You would be forgiven for assuming that it is an intolerant and insecure religion, which is against Muslims and Christians, or followers of any other religion for that matter; that it is against homosexuals, and bisexuals, anyone who is not a heterosexual for that matter, in fact against sexuality per se; that it is against women, and against a large section of people put lowest on its archaic caste system. You would wonder as to how this myth of the ‘tolerance of Hinduism’ took birth, when there seems to be just this narrow ‘Hindutva’, and everything that dares go beyond it is met with violence. But then maybe you would pick up “On Hinduism”, a new encyclopedic book from the respected Indologist Wendy Doniger, and you would be surprised as to how much bigger, in all senses of the term, Hinduism really is.

Through its seven sections, containing 63 essays written over four decades, Doniger explores the nature of Hinduism as can be read in the stories its religious texts have contained. This is unique, this focus on stories, and this belief that the essence of the religion lies in the stories told in its tradition. The book begins with an attempt to understand what essentially being a Hindu means, with its pluralism and the ideas of divinity. We then explore the Hindu attitude towards gender and sex, more so the unease-bordering-on-antagonism against all sexes and sexualities apart from the heterosexual male, beginning with Manu’s attitude towards women. A lot of Hinduism, like every other religion, focuses on having desires and controlling them, and Doniger explores its place in Hindu mythology and history. Where Doniger’s writing becomes most intriguing is when she interprets the metaphors in Hindu texts and stories, and through them attempts to understand the gender and caste hierarchies, amongst many other concepts central to the religion. Yet another section studies the question of reality and illusion in the two Hindu epics- Mahabharata and Ramayana, and this leads us yet again to what seems to be clearly the area of great interest to the author; women who challenge patriarchy and the treatment towards the lower castes. The end of the book is a section which makes the book an absolute endearment for me – four short autobiographical pieces tracing her relationship with Orientalism, her critics, and her own life doing what she has done.

Doniger really is a surprising writer. When you are not busy being astounded by her knowledge of the religion and its history, you are left wondering at the beautiful stories she culls out from ancient Hindu texts, and the unexpected connections she draws between pieces which appear centuries apart from each other. But the picture she paints is always complete, and the analysis she draws always fulfilling. She has had more than her fair share of detractors, and this book shall be no exception, but say what they may, Doniger is never prey to convenient writing, or forced logical interpretation. She labours hard to build well rounded arguments, and often unconventional, the essays are always intriguing to read.

Take for instance the section on “Women and other Genders”, a bunch of essays on Hinduism’s relationship with women, and other genders and sexualities including the androgynes, homosexuals, bisexuals, and transsexuals. In the chapter dealing with bisexuality, the author looks at how do texts find a way to circumvent their embarrassment and discomfort in acknowledging bisexuality amongst ordinary people, or amongst Gods. The texts do so through stories that speak of Gods splitting into two halves, one of each gender; and of Gods shifting genders, either just a superficial shift of exterior appearance or a complete transformation – thus talking about the presence of both homosexual and heterosexual desires but after putting a cloak over it. We also see the same stories being told and retold in various texts over centuries, and as to how the narrative seems to keep changing, thus pointing to a shift in the society’s outlook at that particular point in time.

However, more than anything else what makes the book a marvel is that Doniger never takes the voice of an instructor. She is always exploring, and doing so with both wit and wisdom.

You are welcome to join her on the complex adventure that Hinduism is for her. The essays provoke, as any rich text on a lively subject should, and they challenge you out of your comfort zone, but in the end you would be happy for she would have made you come home with a little more truth than what you began with.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
IIPM’s Management Consulting Arm-Planman Consulting
Professor Arindam Chaudhuri – A Man For The Society….
IIPM: Indian Institute of Planning and Management
IIPM makes business education truly global
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri
Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman

ExecutiveMBA

Friday, September 6, 2013

Book Review: Narendra Modi: The Man, The Times

An objective assessment

At a time when global leaders are reaching out to Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi after ostracising him for more than a decade for his role in abetting the 2002 riots in the western state he rules, a comprehensive biography of the man is more than the need of the hour.

Modi is either demonised as a “mass murderer” by his political rivals or is enthusiastically hailed as a “messiah” by those swayed by his ideology. Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, a journalist for three decades, points out that such a description of Modi is flawed as both these extremes see the man either through the prism of the 2002 riots or through the model of development that he represents.

The book is also interesting in the context of the ongoing war of words over the BJP’s likely prime ministerial candidate with Narendra Modi throwing his hat in the ring. Naturally, the urge to know Modi gets stronger. Mukhopadhyay’s book fills this void about the man.

Of course, there have been books in the past that have portrayed Modi as a builder of a modern state. Unlike other books, this one explores and explains what went into the making of Narendra Modi and his rise.

The veteran journalist who authored The Demolition: India at the Crossroads undertook several in-depth interviews, meticulous research and extensive travel through Gujarat to unravel the persona of Modi. In doing so, he brings out unknown aspects of the Modi story. We learn that as a six-year-old boy in Vadnagar in Mehsana district, 80 kilometres off Ahmedabad, he sold tea to help his father, that he distributed badges and raised slogans at the behest of a local political leader, that he abandoned his family and his wife, Jashodabhai Chimanlal, in pursuit of successful public life.

The book tracks Modi’s initiation into the Sangh Parivar as a fledgling who ran errands for his seniors; his idea of Gujarati pride and Indian-ness and finally his meteoric rise which gave him a distinct identity post the 2002 Godhra riots. In his search for a definitive biography of a man who may have challenged the basic principles of a sovereign secular nation but emerged at its destination as an undisputed and larger-than-life leader, Mukhopadhyay weaves together the events, themes, trends and personalities from 1950 till the first decade of the 21st century and how each of them moulded the Modi we know and how he has responded and invented himself to emerge stronger.

Even as the 17 chapters in the book are interesting both from the academic and popular points of view, the chapter on The Modi Kurta that dwells on the leader’s preoccupation with his sartorial exterior will interest Modi-backers and baiters equally. Mukhopadhyay quotes an associate who has known the leader for long that Modi’s effort is always to look distinct and stand out in a crowd.

Taking this observation, the author has investigated Chauhan Brothers of Jade Blue who every year sell more than 10,000 Modi kurtas. The author notes that the kurta is no more a merchandise but has become a symbol of the man: “…the catchline is simple; see a half-sleeved kurta and Modi comes to mind.” May be the Modi kurta is in the tradition of distinctive dressing styles cultivated by Indian political leaders – Gandhi’s loincloth that represented millions of poor, a jacket named after Nehru, among others.

Also documented in the book is Modi’s weakness for the designer Mont Blanc fountain pens and designer watches. The favourite brand of the RSS pracharak-turned-chief Minister is Movado. For spectacle frames, he prefers mainly Bvlgari, notes the author.

Though obviously fashion conscious, Modi is a frugal eater and has simple eating habits. Mindful of his image, Modi has a significant presence in cyberspace and is there in Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus and You Tube.

Though Mukopadhyay, a journalist for three decades, managed to interview Modi for the book, as the book took final shape the subject became incommunicado. Nevertheless the book will remain a window on the mind of one of the most significant Indian political leaders of this decade. It is an objective assessment of Modi and not coloured by any ideology and personal whims and fancies of the author.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
IIPM’s Management Consulting Arm-Planman Consulting
Professor Arindam Chaudhuri – A Man For The Society….
IIPM: Indian Institute of Planning and Management
IIPM makes business education truly global
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri
Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman

ExecutiveMBA